Brand history Subaru
Share
Founded in 1953, Subaru is a renowned Japanese automotive manufacturer known for its commitment to engineering excellence, advanced all-wheel drive systems, and a unique boxer engine design. With a rich history spanning several decades, Subaru has established itself as a trusted and innovative brand, creating vehicles that prioritize safety, performance, and versatility. Subaru's roots can be traced back to the merger of two Japanese companies: Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. (FHI) and Nakajima Aircraft Company. Originally established as the Subaru Corporation in 1917, the company initially focused on aircraft manufacturing. However, in the aftermath of World War II, Subaru shifted its attention towards diversifying its product offerings. In 1954, Subaru launched its first-ever automobile, the Subaru 1500, which featured a small 1.5-liter engine and a four-wheel independent suspension—a groundbreaking design for its time. This marked the beginning of Subaru's journey as an automotive brand. Over the years, Subaru steadily gained recognition for its commitment to engineering advancements and pushing the boundaries of automotive technology. One of Subaru's defining features is its pioneering use of all-wheel drive (AWD) systems. In 1972, Subaru introduced the Leone 4WD, the world's first mass-produced AWD passenger car. This revolutionary innovation set Subaru apart from other manufacturers, as it provided enhanced stability, traction, and control in various driving conditions. Today, Subaru's Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system remains a cornerstone of the brand, offering superior handling and safety across its vehicle lineup. Another key aspect of Subaru's success lies in its boxer engine configuration. The horizontally-opposed engine design, where the pistons move in a side-to-side motion, provides a lower center of gravity, improved balance, and reduced vibrations. This engine layout, combined with Subaru's dedication to performance, has earned the brand a strong reputation among driving enthusiasts. Throughout the years, Subaru has produced a wide range of models, each catering to different market segments. From compact cars like the Impreza and the iconic WRX, to versatile crossovers such as the Forester and Outback, Subaru vehicles have gained popularity for their reliability, durability, and off-road capabilities. Subaru has also demonstrated its commitment to the environment through the introduction of hybrid and electric models, reflecting the brand's dedication to sustainability and innovation. Beyond its engineering achievements, Subaru has made significant contributions to the motorsports world. The brand's participation in rally racing, particularly in the World Rally Championship (WRC), has resulted in multiple championships and a cult following among racing enthusiasts. Subaru's performance-oriented vehicles, exemplified by the Impreza WRX and WRX STI, showcase the brand's racing pedigree and commitment to high-performance driving experiences. Today, Subaru continues to innovate and evolve, adapting to changing market demands and technological advancements. The brand's unwavering focus on safety, reliability, and adventure has earned it a loyal customer base worldwide. With its distinct identity and a commitment to creating vehicles that inspire confidence on and off the road, Subaru remains a leading force in the automotive industry, embodying a legacy of engineering excellence that continues to propel it into the future.
1953
Although not directly produced in 1953, the Subaru 1500 was one of Subaru's earliest models and marked the brand's entry into the automotive industry. Introduced in 1954, the Subaru 1500 showcased the company's engineering prowess and dedication to innovation. It featured a 1.5-liter engine and a four-wheel independent suspension, offering a smooth and comfortable driving experience. The Subaru 1500 laid the foundation for Subaru's future success as a car manufacturer.
1958
While the Subaru 360 was officially introduced in 1958, it is worth mentioning as it played a pivotal role in Subaru's early success. This compact car became one of Subaru's most iconic and recognizable models. Designed as a microcar, the Subaru 360 featured a distinctive and compact design that made it popular for urban commuting. It was powered by a rear-mounted 356cc two-cylinder engine, providing modest power for city driving. The Subaru 360's affordability, fuel efficiency, and nimble handling contributed to its popularity among budget-conscious consumers. In the late 1950s, Subaru expanded its product range with the introduction of the Subaru 450 and its successor, the Subaru 600. These models were slightly larger than the Subaru 360 and offered increased passenger and cargo space. The Subaru 450/600 featured a more powerful engine, ranging from 423cc to 595cc, depending on the specific variant. These compact cars provided improved performance while still delivering excellent fuel efficiency.
1961
In 1961, slightly beyond the specified time frame, Subaru introduced the Sambar, a microvan that became a significant success for the brand. The Sambar featured a compact and versatile design, making it ideal for small businesses, delivery services, and urban transportation. It offered a range of body styles, including vans, pickups, and even mini-buses. The Sambar was equipped with a small displacement engine and exhibited Subaru's commitment to engineering advancements in the microvan segment.
1970
The Subaru Leone, also known as the DL and GL, was a compact car that gained popularity during the 1970s. Available in sedan, wagon, and coupe body styles, the Leone showcased Subaru's dedication to practicality and versatility. It featured a range of engine options, including inline-four engines with displacements ranging from 1.2 to 1.8 liters. The Subaru Leone became known for its ruggedness, reliability, and all-wheel drive capability, appealing to customers seeking dependable transportation in various driving conditions.
1978
Introduced in 1978, the Subaru Brat (short for Bi-drive Recreational All-terrain Transporter) was a unique compact pickup truck that catered to the recreational market. The Brat featured a compact bed in the rear and had seating for up to four passengers. One of its distinctive design elements was the inclusion of two rear-facing jump seats in the cargo area. The Subaru Brat showcased Subaru's ability to combine utility and fun, and it became a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts and adventure seekers.
1980
The Subaru Leone, known as the DL and GL in various markets, continued to be a prominent model for Subaru in the 1980s. Available in sedan, wagon, and coupe body styles, the Leone epitomized Subaru's dedication to practicality and versatility. It offered a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder engines and turbocharged variants, delivering reliable performance. The Leone's all-wheel drive system became a defining feature, setting it apart from competitors and providing enhanced traction and stability.
1984
Introduced in 1984, the Subaru Justy was a subcompact car designed for fuel efficiency and affordability. It was available in both three-door hatchback and five-door wagon variants. The Justy offered a choice of engine options, including a three-cylinder engine and later a fuel-injected four-cylinder engine. What made the Justy stand out was its selectable 4WD system, allowing drivers to switch between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive as needed. This feature made the Justy popular among budget-conscious consumers seeking a practical and capable compact car.
1985
The Subaru XT, also known as the Alcyone in some markets, was a futuristic sports coupe introduced in 1985. It showcased Subaru's commitment to design innovation and technological advancements. The XT featured distinctive styling with pop-up headlights, a sleek wedge-shaped body, and advanced aerodynamics. It offered a range of engine options, including naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions, delivering impressive performance for its time. The XT also featured advanced features like an electronic dashboard, a unique digital instrument cluster, and an advanced suspension system.
1989
The Subaru Legacy, first introduced in 1989, continued to be a prominent model for Subaru in 1990. This midsize sedan and wagon showcased Subaru's dedication to engineering excellence, safety, and all-weather capability. The Legacy offered a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder engines and turbocharged variants. It also featured Subaru's renowned all-wheel drive system, providing enhanced traction and stability in various driving conditions. The Legacy gained popularity for its comfortable ride, spacious interior, and practicality, making it a popular choice for families and individuals seeking a reliable and versatile vehicle.
1991
The Subaru SVX, introduced in 1991 and produced until 1997, was a unique sports coupe that exemplified Subaru's commitment to design innovation. With its sleek and aerodynamic styling, the SVX stood out from the crowd. It featured a powerful horizontally-opposed six-cylinder engine and Subaru's all-wheel drive system, delivering impressive performance and handling. The SVX offered advanced features for its time, including a distinct window-within-a-window design, a luxurious interior, and cutting-edge technology. The SVX showcased Subaru's ability to produce a premium sports car that combined style, performance, and comfort.
1992
In 1992, slightly beyond the specified time frame, Subaru introduced the Subaru Impreza, a compact car that would go on to become one of the brand's most iconic models. While the Impreza was introduced slightly later, it played a significant role in Subaru's automotive history. The Impreza offered a range of body styles, including sedan, wagon, and later, the high-performance WRX and WRX STI variants. Known for its rally-inspired performance and all-wheel drive prowess, the Impreza showcased Subaru's commitment to motorsports and performance-oriented driving experiences. The Impreza became synonymous with agile handling, turbocharged power, and exhilarating performance, garnering a dedicated fanbase worldwide.
1995
The Subaru Legacy, introduced in 1989, underwent a redesign in 1994, marking the second generation of this midsize sedan and wagon. During the period of 1995-2000, the Legacy continued to offer a reliable and versatile driving experience. It featured a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder engines and turbocharged variants. With Subaru's renowned all-wheel drive system, the Legacy delivered excellent traction and stability, making it well-suited for various driving conditions. The Legacy boasted a spacious interior, comfortable ride, and advanced safety features, positioning it as a popular choice among families and individuals seeking a dependable and practical vehicle. The Subaru Outback, derived from the Legacy wagon, debuted in 1995 as a rugged and capable crossover SUV. With its higher ground clearance, protective cladding, and enhanced off-road capabilities, the Outback appealed to adventurous drivers. It offered the same reliable all-wheel drive system found in the Legacy, ensuring surefootedness on any terrain. The Outback featured a range of engine options, including both naturally aspirated and turbocharged variants. Its spacious interior, ample cargo capacity, and comfortable ride made it an ideal choice for outdoor activities and everyday practicality.
1997
Subaru introduced the Forester, a compact crossover SUV that quickly gained popularity. The Forester combined the practicality of a wagon with the capability of an SUV, appealing to customers seeking versatility and all-terrain performance. It featured Subaru's all-wheel drive system, ensuring confident handling on various road surfaces. The Forester offered a range of engine options, including efficient four-cylinder engines and turbocharged variants for enhanced power. With its spacious interior, comfortable seating, and rugged styling, the Forester became a favorite choice among outdoor enthusiasts and families alike.
1998
The Subaru Legacy (Third Generation), which entered its third generation in 1998. The Legacy offered a refined driving experience, combining comfort, reliability, and all-weather capability. It featured a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, providing a balance between efficiency and performance. Subaru's all-wheel drive system remained a standard feature, offering enhanced traction and stability. The Legacy showcased Subaru's dedication to engineering excellence and safety, with advanced features such as anti-lock brakes and stability control available.
2000
The Subaru Impreza (Second Generation), which entered its second generation in 2000, continued to captivate driving enthusiasts with its rally-bred performance and all-wheel drive prowess. The Impreza was available in sedan, wagon, and hatchback body styles, catering to various preferences. It offered a range of engine options, including naturally aspirated and turbocharged variants, delivering a thrilling driving experience. The high-performance WRX and WRX STI models gained widespread recognition for their powerful engines, precise handling, and aggressive styling. The Impreza further solidified Subaru's reputation as a brand focused on performance-oriented vehicles. The Subaru Outback, derived from the Legacy wagon, entered its second generation in 2000, solidifying its position as a capable and rugged crossover SUV. The Outback offered increased ground clearance, protective cladding, and enhanced off-road capabilities compared to the Legacy. It maintained Subaru's renowned all-wheel drive system, providing confident handling on any surface. The Outback featured a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, delivering a balance of performance and efficiency. Its spacious interior, versatile cargo capacity, and comfortable ride made it an ideal choice for both daily commuting and outdoor adventures.
2002
In 2002, Subaru introduced the second generation of the Forester, further enhancing its capabilities as a compact crossover SUV. The Forester maintained its blend of ruggedness, versatility, and all-wheel drive performance. It featured improved ground clearance, a spacious interior, and advanced safety features. The Forester offered a range of engine options, including efficient four-cylinder engines and turbocharged variants for those seeking additional power. With its practicality, off-road capabilities, and comfortable ride, the Forester remained a popular choice among outdoor enthusiasts and families.
2003
The Subaru Legacy, which entered its fourth generation in 2003, continued to evolve during the 2005-2010 period. The Legacy offered a balance of comfort, reliability, and all-weather performance. It featured a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, providing a blend of power and efficiency. Subaru's signature all-wheel drive system remained a standard feature, ensuring superior traction and stability. The Legacy boasted a spacious and well-appointed interior, advanced safety features, and a smooth ride, making it an ideal choice for families and individuals seeking a versatile and dependable midsize sedan or wagon.
2004
The Subaru Outback, derived from the Legacy wagon, entered its third generation in 2004, further establishing itself as a capable and adventure-ready crossover SUV. The Outback retained its distinctive rugged styling, raised ground clearance, and advanced all-wheel drive system. It offered improved interior space, advanced safety features, and a smooth and comfortable ride. The Outback provided a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, delivering a balance of power and efficiency. With its versatility, cargo capacity, and off-road capabilities, the Outback continued to be a popular choice for those seeking both practicality and adventure.
2007
Subaru's fourth-generation WRX was launched in 2007, featuring a turbocharged 2.5-liter engine that produced 265 horsepower. The company also introduced the Tribeca SUV in the same year, which featured a 3.6-liter engine producing 256 horsepower.In 2008, Subaru launched the Impreza WRX STI, powered by a turbocharged 2.5-liter engine producing 305 horsepower. The STI came with an all-wheel-drive system, a six-speed manual transmission, and a sport-tuned suspension. The same year, Subaru introduced the Legacy sedan and Outback wagon, featuring a 2.5-liter engine and the company's all-wheel-drive system.
2008
Subaru introduced the third generation of the Forester, further enhancing its capabilities as a versatile and capable crossover SUV. The Forester maintained its ruggedness, practicality, and all-wheel drive performance. It offered improved interior space, increased cargo capacity, and advanced safety features. The Forester provided a range of engine options, including efficient four-cylinder engines and turbocharged variants for those seeking more power. With its commanding presence, comfortable ride, and off-road capabilities, the Forester remained a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts and families seeking a reliable and versatile vehicle.
2009
The Subaru Outback, derived from the Legacy wagon, entered its fourth generation in 2009, solidifying its position as a rugged and capable crossover SUV. The Outback featured a distinctive and versatile design, with increased ground clearance, protective cladding, and advanced all-wheel drive system. It offered a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, delivering a blend of power and efficiency. The Outback showcased a spacious and refined interior, advanced safety features, and a comfortable ride. With its generous cargo capacity, off-road capabilities, and versatility for both urban and outdoor adventures, the Outback appealed to those seeking a reliable and capable vehicle. The Subaru Legacy, which entered its fifth generation in 2009, continued to offer a combination of comfort, reliability, and all-weather performance. The Legacy featured sleek and modern styling, along with advanced safety features. It offered a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, providing a balance of power and fuel efficiency. Subaru's signature all-wheel drive system remained a standard feature, delivering excellent traction and stability in various driving conditions. The Legacy emphasized a spacious and well-appointed interior, advanced technology features, and a smooth and composed ride, making it an ideal choice for individuals and families seeking a dependable and versatile midsize sedan or wagon.
2010
The Subaru Impreza, which entered its third generation in 2007, continued to captivate driving enthusiasts with its rally-inspired performance and exceptional handling. The Impreza was available in sedan, hatchback, and wagon body styles, offering versatility to suit different needs. It featured a range of engine options, including naturally aspirated and turbocharged variants, delivering exhilarating power and acceleration. The high-performance WRX and WRX STI models gained acclaim for their turbocharged engines, precise handling, and aggressive styling. The Impreza represented Subaru's dedication to performance and sporty driving experiences. Subaru introduced the Legacy GT, which featured a turbocharged 2.5-liter engine producing 265 horsepower. The same year, the company launched the Forester 2.5XT, which featured a turbocharged 2.5-liter engine producing 224 horsepower. In 2011, Subaru introduced the XV Crosstrek, a compact crossover based on the Impreza platform. The same year, the company launched the BRZ, a joint project with Toyota that featured a 2.0-liter engine producing 200 horsepower.
2011
The Subaru Impreza, which entered its fourth generation in 2011, continued to impress driving enthusiasts with its sporty performance and exceptional handling. The Impreza was available in both sedan and hatchback body styles, providing versatility to suit different preferences. It featured a range of engine options, including efficient four-cylinder engines, delivering a blend of power and efficiency. Subaru's all-wheel drive system remained a standard feature across the lineup, ensuring confident traction and control. The Impreza boasted a stylish and modern design, a well-crafted interior with advanced technology features, and precise handling, solidifying its appeal among those seeking an engaging and spirited driving experience.
2013
Subaru introduced the fourth generation of the Forester, further elevating its reputation as a capable and versatile crossover SUV. The Forester showcased a refined and aerodynamic design, with improved interior space and enhanced cargo capacity. It offered a range of engine options, including efficient four-cylinder engines and turbocharged variants for those desiring more power. Subaru's all-wheel drive system, combined with the Forester's higher ground clearance, provided excellent off-road capabilities and confident performance on various terrains. The Forester prioritized safety, offering advanced driver-assistance features and a comfortable ride, making it a popular choice for adventure seekers and families alike. Subaru introduced the WRX concept, which previewed the next-generation WRX. The company also introduced the Forester 2.0XT, which featured a turbocharged 2.0-liter engine producing 250 horsepower. In 2014, Subaru launched the WRX, which featured a turbocharged 2.0-liter engine producing 268 horsepower. The same year, the company introduced the Levorg, a wagon based on the Impreza platform.
2014
The Subaru Legacy, which entered its sixth generation in 2014, continued to emphasize comfort, reliability, and advanced safety features. The Legacy featured a spacious and well-appointed interior, offering plenty of legroom and cargo space. It offered a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, delivering smooth power delivery and impressive fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system remained standard across the lineup, ensuring confident performance in various road conditions. The Legacy boasted a stylish exterior design, advanced driver-assistance features, and a comfortable ride, making it an ideal choice for individuals and families seeking a midsize sedan with a blend of practicality and performance. The Subaru Outback, derived from the Legacy wagon, entered its fifth generation in 2014, solidifying its reputation as a versatile and capable crossover SUV. The Outback featured a rugged and stylish design, with increased ground clearance and advanced all-wheel drive system. It offered a range of engine options, including horizontally-opposed four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines, delivering a blend of power and efficiency. The Outback showcased a spacious and refined interior, advanced safety features, and a comfortable ride. With its generous cargo capacity, off-road capabilities, and versatile nature, the Outback appealed to those seeking a reliable and capable vehicle for both urban and outdoor adventures.
2016
The Subaru Impreza, which entered its fifth generation in 2016, represented a significant leap forward in terms of design, technology, and performance. The Impreza was available in both sedan and hatchback body styles, offering versatility to suit different preferences. It featured a range of engine options, including efficient four-cylinder engines, delivering a balance of power and fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system remained a standard feature, providing exceptional traction and stability. The Impreza showcased a sleek and modern design, a refined interior with advanced technology features, and improved handling dynamics, making it an appealing choice for those seeking a compact car with all-weather capability.
2017
The Subaru Impreza, which entered its sixth generation in 2017, represented a versatile and practical compact car option. Available as a sedan or a hatchback, the Impreza showcased a sleek and modern design. It featured a range of efficient four-cylinder engines, delivering a balance of power and fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system remained a standard feature, providing enhanced traction and stability. The Impreza emphasized safety, offering advanced driver-assistance features and a comfortable interior equipped with modern technology. With its reliable performance and all-weather capability, the Impreza appealed to individuals and families seeking a compact car that offered a blend of practicality, comfort, and confidence-inspiring handling.
2018
Subaru introduced the fifth generation of the Forester, further refining its capabilities as a versatile and adventure-ready crossover SUV. The Forester featured a bold and rugged design, with improved interior space and advanced safety features. It offered a range of engine options, including efficient four-cylinder engines, providing a blend of power and fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system, combined with the Forester's ground clearance, ensured excellent off-road capabilities and confident performance. The Forester prioritized safety, offering advanced driver-assistance technologies and a comfortable ride for both urban commuting and outdoor exploration, making it a popular choice among adventure enthusiasts and families. The Subaru Crosstrek, which entered its second generation in 2018, continued to be a popular choice for those seeking a compact SUV with off-road capabilities. The Crosstrek featured a rugged and athletic design, showcasing its adventurous spirit. It offered a range of efficient four-cylinder engines, delivering a balance of power and fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system remained standard, providing excellent traction and control. The Crosstrek featured increased ground clearance and protective cladding, enabling confident off-road adventures. With its versatile interior, advanced safety features, and compact size, the Crosstrek appealed to individuals and urban dwellers looking for a capable and compact SUV.
2019
The Subaru Forester, which entered its fifth generation in 2019, continued to excel as a capable and practical crossover SUV. The Forester featured a bold and rugged design, reflecting its adventurous spirit. It offered a range of efficient four-cylinder engines, delivering a balance of power and fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system, combined with the Forester's ground clearance, ensured outstanding off-road capabilities and confident performance on various terrains. The Forester emphasized safety and versatility, featuring a spacious cabin, advanced driver-assistance features, and ample cargo space. With its blend of reliability, versatility, and all-weather capability, the Forester appealed to outdoor enthusiasts and families seeking a dependable and capable crossover SUV. The Subaru Legacy, which entered its seventh generation in 2019, continued to prioritize comfort, safety, and advanced features. The Legacy boasted a refined and sophisticated design, showcasing an elegant and spacious interior. It offered a choice of efficient four-cylinder and turbocharged six-cylinder engines, delivering smooth power delivery and improved fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system remained a standard feature, ensuring enhanced traction and control. The Legacy featured advanced driver-assistance technologies and a comfortable ride, making it an ideal choice for those seeking a midsize sedan that offered a refined driving experience and an array of modern conveniences.
2020
The Subaru Outback, which entered its sixth generation in 2020, continued to epitomize rugged versatility and go-anywhere capability. The Outback featured a distinctive and versatile design, offering ample ground clearance and protective cladding for off-road adventures. It offered a range of efficient four-cylinder engines, delivering reliable performance and improved fuel efficiency. Subaru's symmetrical all-wheel drive system remained standard, ensuring exceptional traction and stability. The Outback boasted a spacious and well-crafted interior, advanced safety features, and a comfortable ride for both urban commuting and outdoor exploration. With its generous cargo capacity, off-road capabilities, and versatility, the Outback appealed to individuals and families seeking a reliable and adventurous crossover SUV.
2021
Subaru has also been making strides in the electric vehicle market. In 2021, the company unveiled the Solterra, an all-electric SUV developed in collaboration with Toyota. The Solterra was built on the e-Subaru Global Platform and was powered by a Toyota-sourced electric drivetrain. It was expected to go on sale in 2022 in the United States. In motorsport, Subaru continued to dominate the rally scene with the Subaru WRX STI. The WRX STI has won numerous American Rally Association and Rally America championships. Additionally, Subaru returned to the World Rally Championship in 2019 with the WRX STI S209. The S209 was a limited-edition model designed to commemorate Subaru's 30th anniversary in the United States. It was powered by a turbocharged 2.5-liter four-cylinder engine, producing 341 horsepower and 330 pound-feet of torque.